Type 2 diabetes by Amabigleader
Type 2 diabetes, formerly called diabetes in the adult or insulin dependent diabetes, a chronic disease affecting how the body metabolizes glucose.
When type 2 diabetes, the body is resistant to the effects of insulin – a hormone that regulates the movement of glucose into the cells – or the body does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose threshold. Untreated, type 2 diabetes can be life threatening.
Currently, there is no definite cure type 2 diabetes, but we can fully control and even prevent the disease. Begin with a healthy diet and regular exercise to maintain ideal weight. If diet and exercise are not enough to stabilize blood sugar, may need to take medication or insulin injections to control blood sugar
Symptoms
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may not be clear for many years and can not recognize.
Some common symptoms:
* Increased thirst and urination when blood sugar in the blood, this will be pulled out of the soft tissues and cause irritation, resulting in more patients to drink water and will urinate more than usual
* Hunger: Not enough insulin, sugar is not in the cells, muscles and organs in the body will be hungry energy. Cause hunger
* Weight loss: Despite eating more than usual to relieve hunger, but patients still lose weight because the cells can not use glucose for energy, while the body use energy reserves to replace: muscle and fat.
* Fatigue: When energy-hungry cells, patients become tired and irritable.
* Blurred vision. If blood sugar is too high, fluid in the eyeball being pulled out, falling back to the eye. At that regulate the ability of the eye will be affected, causing symptoms of blurred vision.
* Wound healing and recurrence of infection often
Type 2 diabetes reduces the impact wound healing and reduce the body’s resistance against infectious diseases so often repeated.
* Plate darker skin color
Some patients with type 2 diabetes have dark spots on the folds of the body, usually in the armpit and neck. Such signals is known as black spines, which may be a sign of insulin resistance
Cause
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Why is this happening do not know exactly, although overweight, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are important contributing factors.
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. After eating, the pancreas to insulin in the blood. Once in the blood, insulin will act as the key to open the door way to allow cells, thereby lowering blood glucose in the blood.
Glucose – a simple sugar-a main energy source of cells to form muscle and other tissues. Glucose is created from two main sources: from food and from the liver. After food is digested, the sugar is absorbed into the blood. Normally, the road will enter the cell with the help of insulin.
The liver acts as the central reserve and insulin production. When insulin is lower in the blood (like when we went hungry for a while), liver glycogen is converted into glucose reserves to keep blood sugar levels within normal limits.
In type 2 diabetes, this process does not operate normally, instead of into cells, increased glucose in the blood. The reason the pancreas does not make enough insulin or cells become resistant to the action of insulin.
Risk Factors
Is still unclear why a person has diabetes, while others are not. But there are some factors that increase risk for diabetes, including:
* Overweight. Overweight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Much adipose tissue will make the cells become resistant to insulin
* Passive lifestyle. Physical inactivity are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps control body weight, increased use of glucose for energy and help cells more sensitive to insulin (insulin work better to do) a family. If you have any close family members (parents, siblings) with diabetes will have type 2 diabetes risk for type 2 higher.
* Race / ethnicity. Although do not know why but people from the race following at risk of type 2 diabetes than others, including the following ethnicities: African American, Spanish, Indian and Asian Americans.
* Age. Risk of type 2 diabetes increases as age, particularly after age 45. May be due to older patients tend to be less physical activity, reduced muscle mass, and increased fuel. Even type 2 diabetes occurs more and more young patients.
* Pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a condition in blood sugar higher than normal but not high enough for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. If not treated, pre-diabetes tend to progress to type 2 diabetes.
* Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. If women with diabetes in pregnancy, will increase the risk of type 2 diabetes later. If the woman had a baby> 4 kilograms also increased the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Complications
Type 2 diabetes easily overlooked, especially in the early stages when the patient will still see healthy. But diabetes affects many organs, including heart, blood vessels, eyes, nerves and kidneys. Blood sugar control will help prevent these complications.
Although complications from diabetes progression from in a long time but eventually can cause disability and even life-threatening thamm. Some of the complications include:
* Heart and blood vessel complications. Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease with angina, myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Print fact, theo to a 2007 study, the risk of stroke more than doubles within the first five years of being treated for type 2 diabetes. About 75 percent of people who have diabetes die of Some type of heart or blood vessel disease, theo to the American Heart Association.
* Neurological complications (neuropathy). High blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels (capillaries) that nourish the nerves, especially in the legs. This damage causes the symptoms: stinging, such as tingling, numbness in legs, burning or pain usually starts from the toes, fingers and spreads up, if blood sugar is not well controlled can cause loss of all the sense in spending
Damage the nerve fibers that control digestion can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. For men, there can be erectile dysfunction.
* Kidney Complications (Nephropathy). Tufts kidneys contain millions of tiny blood vessels functioning filtering waste from the body. Diabetes can damage the filter system. Could eventually lead to kidney failure or end-stage renal disease can not be recovered, then need dialysis or kidney transplant.
* Eye complications. Diabetes can damage blood vessels in the retina (retinopathy Diabetes), which can lead to. Diabetes also increases the risk for other eye diseases such as cataracts and glaucoma.
* Complications feet. Nerve damage in the legs and feet is reduced blood flow increased risk of foot complications. If not treated, the wound will become infected bumps. If the full damage deposit can be removed toes, foot or both feet to save the lives of patients.
* Damage to the skin and mouth. Diabetes can make the skin susceptible to secondary infection or fungal infection. Gingivitis may occur
* Osteoporosis. Diabetes can lower bone density than normal. increased risk of osteoporosis.
* Alzheimer’s disease. Type 2 diabetes may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia caused by blood vessels. Uncontrolled blood sugar increases the risk of this disease. One theory is that the vascular complications due to diabetes can cause dementia by blocking blood vessels to the brain and cause strokes. Another possibility is having too much insulin in the blood vessels leading to brain damage caused by inflammation or insulin deficiency in the brain was deprived of glucose by brain cells.
* Hearing loss. Diabetes can cause hearing loss.
Diagnostic tests and
In June 2009, an international conference including experts of the Association of American Diabetes Association Diabetes Research and the European Union diabetes world has given tests for diabetes type 2 include:
* Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test. This blood test indicates average blood sugar of patients in 2-3 months. percent glucose measurements attached to hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. When blood sugar in the blood, hemoglobin binds more with more sugar. If Hb A1c> 6.5% on 2 separate samples proved diabetic patients. Results between 6 and 6.5% of patients may have pre-diabetes, high risk of diabetes.
If laboratory testing is not HbA1c or in some situations HbA1c testing will not exactly like pregnancy or abnormal forms of hemoglobin. Your doctor will consider appointment of other nghi65m to diagnose diabetes:
* Considering the random blood sugar. A blood sample taken at any time, regardless of time of last meal. Random blood glucose ? 200 mg / dL diagnosed diabetes.
* Fasting glucose test. A blood sample taken after fasting overnight. Fasting glucose <100 mg / dL is normal. Fasting glucose from 100 to 125 mg / dL pre-diagnosis of diabetes. If fasting glucose ? 126 mg / dL, diabetes is diagnosed.
Glucose tolerance Test: To do this test, patients need to starve. Fasting blood sugar tested, then the patient will be given the sugar solution. Blood glucose was measured after 2 hours. If blood glucose at 2 hours after oral glucose solution> 200 mg / dL, diabetes diagnosis. If blood glucose 2 hours tu140 to 199 mg / dL, I guess glucose tolerance disorder, a form of pre-diabetes.
Diabetes Association of the United States recommends regular screening for type 2 diabetes in patients started on 45, especially if you are overweight. If the result is normal, repeat testing after 3 years. If the results of the uneven side of upper limit, you should ask the doctor when the test back. Screening is also recommended for patients <45 years old ne overweight and cardiovascular risk factors included, such as physical inactivity, family history of people with type 2 diabetes, or had themselves diabetic pregnancy, or blood pressure> 135/80 mm Hg.
If you are diagnosed with diabetes, your doctor will do other tests to differential diagnosis between diabetes type 1 and type 2.
After being diagnosed
HbA1c test should be tested 2-3 times per year. The Diabetes Association of America, is the target HbA1c <7%.
In addition, you should be urine tests, blood cholesterol, liver function, kidney, microscopic finding of protein annually. Doctors will measure blood pressure every doctor visit. Eye exams and regular foot examinations are important.
And drug treatment
Treatment of type 2 diabetes require long-term compliance with the following:
* Monitor blood sugar
* Diets reasonable
* Exercise regularly
* Oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin
These steps to help bring blood sugar to near normal vopi71 to help prevent or slow diabetes complications.
Blood glucose monitoring
Depending on the treatment plan, you need a blood glucose test or several times a day. Frequent blood glucose monitoring is a way to help stabilize blood sugar. You must learn how to change the following issues in order to stabilize blood sugar:
* Food. Eat eat eat and how to avoid hyperglycemia. The highest blood sugar often after 1-2 hours after eating. Ask your doctor or specialist Endocrinology dietitian for help.
* Physical activity. Physical activity will bring blood sugar into cells. Regular physical activity will help lower the blood sugar.
* Drugs. Many drugs affect blood sugar, sometimes need to change the treatment plan for diabetes.
* Other Diseases. When a cold or other illness, your body produces more hormones raise blood sugar levels.
* Alcohol. Alcohol and other solvents tron alcohol can cause blood sugar levels rise or fall, depending on the amount of alcohol you drink and food
* Stress. Stress When the body responds by producing more hormone to combat stress, but the hormone insulin also do not work effectively.
Healthy Diet
You do not need to implement an abstinence-mode threshold, you should eat more food:
* Fruits
* Fresh Vegetables
* Whole Grain Wheat
The food is more nutritious but low in fat and calories. You also should limit sugary foods and foods made from flour and rice.
Foods low glycemic index may be useful. Glycemic index as indicators of food increases the rate of blood sugar. Food has a high glycemic index will increase rapidly huyet.an sugar more stable. Foods rich in fiber low glycemic index
Physical activity
Anyone need regular exercise and diabetes patients is no exception. Consult doctor before starting to practice the sport chosen. Then choose the sport you love, such as walking, swimming… It is important to practice each day, so at least 30 minutes each day. Should started Stretching and strength training exercises are “important, too. Print fact, a combination of aerobic and strength training Exercise is more effective at controlling blood sugar and then increase gradually slowly.
Remember, physical activity helps lower blood sugar. Check blood sugar before you begin. You should eat lightly before practice to avoid low blood sugar if you’re hypoglycemic medication or insulin is injected.
Medicines for Diabetes and Insulin
Some patients with type 2 diabetes can control blood sugar just by diet and exercise, but many other patients who need medication or insulin injections to stabilize blood sugar. Take medications as determined by your doctor based on many factors to choose from. May have to coordinate many different medications to control blood sugar:
* Drug treatment of diabetes. Normally, newly diagnosed patients will be prescribed metformin (Glucophage), a hepatitis drug helps reduce sugar production. Doctors also recommend lifestyle changes such as weight loss, physical activity more…
Along with metformin, another hypoglycemic drugs may be used to treat type 2 diabetes. Some drugs stimulate the pancreas to increase insulin production and release (sulfonyureas drug group). Acarbose group would inhibit resolution of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial blood glucose. Additionally, a doctor might prescribe low-dose aspirin and prescription drugs to lower blood pressure, blood lipid reduction to help prevent cardiovascular complications.
* Insulin. Some patients with type 2 diabetes need insulin therapy. Because insulin would be digested taking insulin should be used by injection.
The type of insulin. Insulin has many types of time based on its effects, including:
Fast-acting insulin, for example, insulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (NovoLog)
The average insulin effects, such as N Insulin, Insulin Lent
Delayed effects of insulin such as insulin glargine (Lantus) and insulin detemir (Levemir).
Depending on each patient that doctors can prescribe to mixed insulin can control blood sugar all day.
Pregnancy
Women with type 2 diabetes need to change treatment when pregnant. Although there is no evidence any adverse effects of metformin on the development of the fetus, but no studies prove the safety of medications during pregnancy should be switched to insulin injections. If you have retinopathy due to diabetes, patients can weigh up pregnancy. Specialist eye examination in the first 3 months of pregnancy and the annual medical examination after birth.
The signs of severe
Because many factors affect your blood sugar cause acute complications, if left untreated can cause convulsions, coma or even death.
* Increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Your blood sugar may be increased by many different causes, Your are: eating too much, get sick, do not drink enough medicine. Checking blood sugar regularly and detect symptoms of hyperglycemia: urination, thirst, dry lips, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea. If you see high blood sugar need to change your diet, medication or both.
* Increased ketones in your urine (diabetic ketoacidosis). If cells are not providing energy, start-resolution body fat for energy. This process creates more acids called ketones. The symptoms of increased ketones in the blood: appetite, weakness, vomiting, fever, stomach pain, breathing fragrant fruit (smell ketones). Urinalysis will see positive urinary ketones. When the need for urgent hospital treatment. This is common in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Increased osmotic pressure. Can threaten the lives of patients, symptoms include: blood glucose increased above 600 mg / dL, dry lips, thirst more, fever above 38 C, confusion, blurred vision, hallucinations, water dark state. Syndrome increased osmotic pressure is very high due to increased blood sugar caused concentration blood and blood osmotic pressure. Common in patients with type 2 diabetes, a disease common after that. Syndrome increased osmotic pressure often progresses several days to several weeks. Visit your doctor as soon as you have these symptoms.
* Lower blood sugar (hypoglycemia). If blood sugar lower than usual called hypoglycemia. May be due to many reasons, including: skip meals, physical activity than usual, drink alcohol. But most often caused by drugs or injected insulin overdose..
Regular blood glucose test and detects the symptoms of hypoglycemia, including sweating, trembling hands, weakness, hunger, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, palpitations palpitations, difficulty speaking, confusion, convulsions, coma.
If you have low blood sugar during the night, waking up will have symptoms due to wet clothes sweating or headaches. Nighttime hypoglycemia can cause hyperglycemia in the morning by the reaction mechanism of the body.
If contacts have symptoms of low blood sugar, eat or drink food increases rapidly as the sugar: fruit juice, candy, cake, sugar, soft drinks, milk… Try again later blood sugar blood sugar 15m to ensure return normal. If blood sugar is still low, repeat treatment as above and check blood glucose after 15 phut.Neu coma patients, should be treated at the hospital, treated by transferring glucose.
Monitoring and Adherence
Better treatment of type 2 diabetes will reduce complications:
* Learn about diabetes. Learn knowledge about type 2 diabetes. Implementation of diet and health benefits of exercise each day. Establish the relationship of medical staff for help when needed
* Schedule routine checkup. All patients were periodically re-examination, blood pressure measurements per visit. Annual eye exams. HbAc tested every 3-6 months, check the drop function, liver and fat in the blood every 6 months.
* Vaccination. High blood sugar reduces the resistance of the body, flu vaccination is needed annually
* Dental Care. Diabetes to cause inflammation of the gums, so you need good dental care, dentist at least 2 times per year
* Care of the feet. Wash your feet daily with warm water, dry the feet after bathing, especially between the toes. Check feet daily to detect the regions of the leg wounds, boils, red, hot
* Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol within normal limits. Sensible eating and regular exercise helps control blood pressure and cholesterol. Medication is also essential.
* Stop smoking cigarettes increases the risk of diabetic complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, nerve damage and kidney. Diabetic Patients smoking risk death from heart increased 3 time circuit with non-smokers.
Diabetes patients must learn to quit
* Alcohol. Alcohol may cause hypoglycemia or increased depending on the amount of alcohol you drink and food intake while drinking beer. Every day should not drink more than two cans of beer.
* Stress. When stress increases blood sugar. Relax, get enough sleep, if necessary with a medical doctor to be prescribed anti-depressants
Diabetes can cause many serious complications, but if the treatment is strictly controlled and we can completely prevent these complications. Let’s live and control type 2 diabetes.
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Adult Diabetes — Return of Sensation in Feet
By Tom Reese
I am getting results!!! From taking Tahitian Noni Juice!!!!
I’m an insulin-dependent adult diabetic [type II diabetes Mellitus]. Tuesday night two weeks ago [August 14th, 2001], we bought our first bottle of Noni. I started that night on 2 oz of juice twice daily. By Saturday the 25th, I noticed I didn’t require as much insulin as usual. Sunday night the 26th increased to 3 oz and have continued twice daily at that rate. Sunday and Monday nights I had to get up in the night due to low blood sugar [my body wakes me up when it is "crashing"]. I had to eat a sweet snack because I had too much insulin in my system. I had already cut back on the amount of insulin I had been taking.
Just yesterday, at the nonitestamonials.com site, I had read the following comment by Dr. Stephen Hall, M.D., “Noni normalizes the function of cell-wall receptors so many of the people in my practice with type II diabetes mellitus don’t have it anymore.”
I’m astounded!! I still need to take some insulin, but time will tell if that need goes away. I’ll give it the time!!
Tom Reese — August 28, 2001
Almost a Year Later